256.英文正文(256)
graspingthefullmeaningofthenewspeaksentencequotedabove,onewouldhavetohaveaclearideaofwhatismeantbyingsoc。***andinaddition,onlyapersonthoroughlygroundediningsoccouldappreciatethefullforceofthewordbellyfeel,whichimpliedablind,enthusiasticacceptancedifficulttoimaginetoday;orofthewordoldthink,whichwasinextricablymixedupwiththeideaofwickednessanddecadence。butthespecialfunctionofcertainnewspeakwords,ofwhicholdthinkwasone,wasnotsomuchtoexpressmeaningsastodestroythem。thesewords,necessarilyfewinnumber,hadhadtheirmeaningsextendeduntiltheycontainedwithinthemselveswholebatteriesofwordswhich,astheyweresufficientlycoveredbyasinglecomprehensiveterm,couldnowbescrappedandforgotten。thegreatestdifficultyfacingthecompilersofthenewspeakdictionarywasnottoinventnewwords,but,havinginventedthem,tomakesurewhattheymeant:tomakesure,thatistosay,whatrangesofwordstheycancelledbytheirexistence。
aswehavealreadyseeninthecaseofthewordfree,wordswhichhadonceborneahereticalmeaningweresometimesretainedforthesakeofconvenience,butonlywiththeundesirablemeaningspurgedoutofthem。countlessotherwordssuchashonour,justice,morality,internationalism,democracy,science,andreligionhadsimplyceasedtoexist。afewblanketwordscoveredthem,and,incoveringthem,abolishedthem。allwordsgroupingthemselvesroundtheconceptsoflibertyandequality,forinstance,werecontainedinthesinglewordcrimethink,whileallwordsgroupingthemselvesroundtheconceptsofobjectivityandrationalismwerecontainedinthesinglewordoldthink。greaterprecisionwouldhavebeendangerous。whatwasrequiredinapartymemberwasanoutlooksimilartothatoftheancienthebrewwhoknew,withoutknowingmuchelse,thatallnationsotherthanhisownworshipped「falsegods」。hedidnotneedtoknowthatthesegodswerecalledbaal,osiris,moloch,ashtaroth,andthelike:probablythelessheknewaboutthemthebetterforhisorthodoxy。heknewjehovahandthecommandmentsofjehovah:heknew,therefore,thatallgodswithothernamesorotherattributeswerefalsegods。insomewhatthesameway,thepartymemberknewwhatconstitutedrightconduct,andinexceedinglyvague,generalizedtermsheknewwhatkindsofdeparturefromitwerepossible。hissexuallife,forexample,wasentirelyregulatedbythetwonewspeakwordssexcrime(sexualimmorality)andgoodsex(chastity)。sexcrimecoveredallsexualmisdeedswhatever。itcoveredfornication,adultery,homosexuality,andotherperversions,and,inaddition,normalintercoursepractisedforitsownsake。therewasnoneedtoenumeratethemseparately,sincetheywereallequallyculpable,and,inprinciple,allpunishablebydeath。inthecvocabulary,whichconsistedofscientificandtechnicalwords,itmightbenecessarytogivespecializednamestocertainsexualaberrations,buttheordinarycitizenhadnoneedofthem。heknewwhatwasmeantbygoodsex—thatistosay,normalintercoursebetweenmanandwife,forthesolepurposeofbegettingchildren,andwithoutphysicalpleasureonthepartofthewoman:allelsewassexcrime。innewspeakitwasseldompossibletofollowahereticalthoughtfurtherthantheperceptionthatitwasheretical:beyondthatpointthenecessarywordswerenonexistent。