257.英文正文（257）

nowordinthebvocabularywasideologicallyneutral。***agreatmanywereeuphemisms。suchwords，forinstance，asjoycamp（forced-labourcamp）orminipaxministryofpeace，i。e。ministryofwar）meantalmosttheexactoppositeofwhattheyappearedtomean。somewords，ontheotherhand，displayedafrankandcontemptuousunderstandingoftherealnatureofoceanicsociety。anexamplewasprolefeed，meaningtherubbishyentertainmentandspuriousnewswhichthepartyhandedouttothemasses。otherwords，again，wereambivalent，havingtheconnotation「good」whenappliedtothepartyand「bad」whenappliedtoitsenemies。butinadditionthereweregreatnumbersofwordswhichatfirstsightappearedtobemereabbreviationsandwhichderivedtheirideologicalcolournotfromtheirmeaning，butfromtheirstructure。

sofarasitcouldbecontrived，everythingthathadormighthavepoliticalsignificanceofanykindwasfittedintothebvocabulary。thenameofeveryorganization，orbodyofpeople，ordoctrine，orcountry，orinstitution，orpublicbuilding，wasinvariablycutdownintothefamiliarshape；thatis，asingleeasilypronouncedwordwiththesmallestnumberofsyllablesthatwouldpreservetheoriginalderivation。intheministryoftruth，forexample，therecordsdepartment，inwhichwinstonsmithworked，wascalledrecdep，thefictiondepartmentwascalledficdep，theteleprogrammesdepartmentwascalledteledep，andsoon。thiswasnotdonesolelywiththeobjectofsavingtime。evenintheearlydecadesofthetwentiethcentury，telescopedwordsandphraseshadbeenoneofthecharacteristicfeaturesofpoliticallanguage；andithadbeennoticedthatthetendencytouseabbreviationsofthiskindwasmostmarkedintotalitariancountriesandtotalitarianorganizations。examplesweresuchwordsasnazi，gestapo，comintern，inprecorr，agitprop。inthebeginningthepracticehadbeenadoptedasitwereinstinctively，butinnewspeakitwasusedwithaconsciouspurpose。itwasperceivedthatinthusabbreviatinganameonenarrowedandsubtlyaltereditsmeaning，bycuttingoutmostoftheassociationsthatwouldotherwiseclingtoit。thewordscommunistinternational，forinstance，callupacompositepictureofuniversalhumanbrotherhood，redflags，barricades，karlmarx，andthepariscommune。thewordcomintern，ontheotherhand，suggestsmerelyatightly-knitorganizationandawell-definedbodyofdoctrine。itreferstosomethingalmostaseasilyrecognized，andaslimitedinpurpose，asachairoratable。cominternisawordthatcanbeutteredalmostwithouttakingthought，whereascommunistinternationalisaphraseoverwhichoneisobligedtolingeratleastmomentarily。inthesameway，theassociationscalledupbyawordlikeminitruearefewerandmorecontrollablethanthosecalledupbyministryoftruth。thisaccountednotonlyforthehabitofabbreviatingwheneverpossible，butalsoforthealmostexaggeratedcarethatwastakentomakeeverywordeasilypronounceable。